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elephant can pick out themselves in a mirror , joining only humans , apes and dolphins as creature that own this kind of self - awareness , research worker now report .
" This would seem to be a trait vernacular to and independently acquire by animals with heavy , complex brains , complex social life and eff capacities forempathyandaltruism , even though the animals all have very different kinds of brains , " research worker Diana Reiss , a senior cognitive enquiry scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society in Brooklyn , N.Y. , toldLiveScience .
Elephant in front of test mirror.
Hopefully , she added , this will further people to protect elephant .
The researchers began their experiment by introduce three adult femaleAsian elephantsto a mirror [ persona ] eight fundament broad by eight feet high constructed in a private sphere of their G at the Bronx Zoo . Making the elephantine - sized mirror as " elephant - resistant " as they could was a challenge , break that " elephant enjoy to constantly push with their pass and falsify anything they can , " explain investigator Joshua Plotnik , a alumna student at Emory University in Atlanta .
" We used a mirror made of plastic – if we used glass , it would have break very well – and frame it with steel and bolt it to the wall , but we were still disquieted they ’d bring it down , " Plotnik toldLiveScience . " Luckily that did n’t happen . We never experience them attempt to rip the mirror off . They seemed too concerned in it to do that . "
One of the first thing animals subject of recognizing themselves in mirrors do is try search the other side of the mirror . ElephantsMaxine and Patty did this [ TV ] : they swung their trunks over and behind the wall on which the mirror was mount , kneel in front of it to get their trunk under and behind it , and even attempt to physically go up the wall . Remarkably , the elephants did not seem to at first misidentify their reflections as alien and attempt to greet them , as many animals that can recognize themselves normally do .
" Elephants have been tested in front of mirrors before , but previous studies used comparatively pocket-sized mirrors kept out of the elephants ' ambit , " he added . " This field is the first to test the creature in front of a vast mirror they could impact , rub against and seek to look behind . "
As they begin to understand mirrors , creature that can recognize their reflections try repeating activity in front of it . The elephants , for example , waved their trunks around and moved their heads in and out of the mirror view .
Finally , once beast recognize reflection as their own , they use mirrors to investigate their own body [ video ] . On more than one affair , the elephants stuck their trunks into their mouths in front of the mirror , and Maxine used her trunk to pull out her pinna slowly toward the mirror .
" As a result of this subject field , the elephant now joins a cognitive elite , " said researcher Frans de Waal at Emory University .
One elephant , name Happy , pass off the terminal test of repeatedly extend to an X paint on her forehead [ image ] , a place she could not see without a mirror . As a control , when a colorless blusher was used to draw the X , Happy did n’t nark with it . While only Happy pass this run [ picture ] , the research worker noted that more than half ofchimpanzeesexamined typically miscarry this test .
" Also , while primate constantly train themselves , elephants roll in the hay to throw mud on themselves and bath in dust , so the other elephant might have seen that mark on their heads and not cared , " Plotnik read .
next inquiry can focus on when elephant first develop this mental ability . " We first see evidence of humans recognize their thoughtfulness when they are 18 month old , " Reiss say .
The scientists report their finding online October 30 via the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .
