Traveling salesmen and apothecary’s shop packed with colored bottleful claimed to have all the medical cures for what trouble you in the 19th C , although the contents of their curative were more likely to be opiate or snake in the grass oil than any scientifically sound healing . The geological era of patent of invention medicine — which stretch from the 17th into the twentieth hundred and was specially prolific in the United States and England — was a reception to the shortcoming of medicine at the time , which often bank on questionable treatments like bloodletting and purge . Thepatentin the name did n’t refer to any government favorable reception , but proprietary concoctions marketed with uttermost promises and flamboyant showmanship .
Brimming with intoxicant , opium , cocaine , and other unregulated substances , it ’s no surprisal their users felt like the pills and soda water were doing something , even if they became addictive or , bad , fatal . Federal regulating finally cut off this detached barter of drug , as did exposés likea 1906 issue ofCollier’sthat depicted the industry as “ death ’s laboratory ” with an instance of patent of invention medical specialty being pumped out of a skull flank by moneybag . Nevertheless , you could still get hold democratic discourse like Sloan ’s Liniment and Lydia Pinkham ’s Vegetable Compound nestled in the drugstore , survivors from the golden eld of quackery .
1. OPIUM
East Carolina University Digital Collections
Opiates were readily useable as painkillers , and also market for all sorts of woes , even the treatment of children ’s coughing and cold or just to keep fussy babies quiet . McMunn ’s Elixir of Opium [ PDF ] was germinate in the 1830s by John B. McMunn in New York , who mixed it with alcohol and advertised the solution for " nervous irritability " as well as rabies and tetanus . Meanwhile cobbler Perry Davis [ PDF ] manufactured his opium - found cures for cholera and other infective diseases , the benign bottleboastingthe music was " purely vegetable " and " no kin should be without it . "
2. BLOOD
Duke University Digital Collection
The use of blood is not itselfan curiosity , and became part of the keynote offerings in patent of invention medicine through manufacturers like the Bovinine Company in Chicago . A truly unsettling1890 adfor Bovinine show a fair sex with her eyes close , a little looking glass of red liquidness beside her , and the words : " Look on me in my lethargy reclining / My nerveless body languid , pale and lean ; / Now hold me up to where the twinkle is glow / And mark the magic power of BOVININE . "
When the mailing-card is held up to a brightness , suddenly her heart open and a ghostly steer appears outside the windowpane with the words “ My life was relieve by Bovinine . ” And the drug probably was quite eye opening , being a tantalizing and alcoholic mix of beef rake , glycerine , and Na chloride ( salt ) .
3. COCAINE
magnificently , Coca - Cola was named for one ofits more shocking eighties ingredients : Erythroxylon coca pass on . It ’s unclear precisely how cloggy the cocain dose was in the soda , then market as a “ brain tonic , ” and it was among many medicinals that included coca leaves in their brew . The drug was legaluntil 1914 . In 1890 , you could find fault upAllen ’s Cocaine Tabletsfor your hay fever , " throat troubles , " or headache at 50 centime a box seat , and in the early 1900s both Ernest Shackleton and Robert F. Scott carried"Forced March " cocaine and caffeine pillsfor endurance on their Antarctic expeditions .
4. PRAIRIE FLOWERS AND INDIAN OIL
Wellcome Images
Being an Englishmanfrom Yorkshiredidn’t block William Henry Hartley from adopting an eccentric Buffalo Bill - like persona to trade his Sequah ’s Prairie Flower and Sequah ’s Oil , cures supposedly based on Native American traditions . The induction of the exotic and endemic in advertising was prominent in patent medicine , although almost always entirely fabricated . Hartley , who operated his Sequah Medicine Company in the UK between1887 and 1890 , was one of the more bombastic personas in this appropriation , with a Wild West - styled genus Circus that rolled into town . The show would start after dark , with teeth pulled to the euphony of a brass band ( playing loud , to drown out noise of annoyance ) to draw in the crowd . On more atmospheric evening , there were evenséances . All this pomp was aim at selling Hartley ’s Prairie Flower and “ Indian fossil oil ” curative for a variety of ill , like tum issues and liver disorders . Later the ingredients were reveal to be organic material from the East Indies and cheap fish oil cutting with oil of turpentine .
5. PETROLEUM
oil jelly is still a usual part of our medicine cabinets , but in the nineteenth century oil was marketed as a discussion for everything from ulcers to cecity . Samuel Kier in Pennsylvania was trying to apply up the incredible amount of petroleum produce by his salt wells , andin 1852launched his " Kier ’s Petroleum , or Rock Oil " as a 50 - cent cure - all . It likely was strong , as he later on distill the same petroleum and successfully sell it as a lighter fluid .
6. CANNABIS
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Cannabis appear in westerly medication through William O’Shaughnessy ’s studies with the British East India Companyin the 1830s ; he saw it as an effective prescription for pain . Soon patent music was getting in on the action , sell it as a cure - all . For instance , Piso ’s Tabletswere advertised for " women ’s ailments , " and contained a punchy mix of marijuana and trichloromethane .
7. TOMATOES
" Tomato Pills Cure Your Ills " crowed the ads forDr . Miles Compound Extract of Tomato . Before ketchup take off as a condiment , people were ingesting tomato pills for remedies for all sorts of illness . Others like John Cook Bennett , a physician in Ohio , alsoproclaimed the benefits of tomatoesto deal belly issues like diarrhea and indigestion . It ’s probable the lycopene in the tomatoes actually did some good , and finally the vegetable that was once nickname the " poison orchard apple tree " in the 18th century was on its elbow room to twentieth - century popularity .
8. ARSENIC
Arsenic was long usedin traditional Formosan medicine , as well as a Victoriancosmetic . letters patent medication on a regular basis incorporate the poison , with or without the user ’s cognition . Mercury and lead were alsosometimes presentin the more toxic remedies , and both arsenic and Hg would be usedto treat syphilis . chemist’s shop offering , likeFowler ’s Solution , proposed arsenic as a pop and discussion for ailments like cancer of the blood and malaria , whileDonovan ’s Solutionwas advertised for skin diseases , and " sheet " had arsenic coalesce with iron for center conditions .
9. HAIR TONICS
Miami University Library
Hair tonics were heavy business for patent of invention practice of medicine purveyors , promising to stop grayness , dandruff , and regrow lost locks . Ingredientsincludedlead , borax , cochineal ( smashed red insects ) , silver nitrate , arsenic , and with child dot of alcohol . Not surprisingly , these tonic water werepopular during Prohibitionin the United States , throng the same boozy hit as a barb of whisky . And having about the same effect on hair loss .
10. RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
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Radioactive solution emerge in the early twentieth century after radioactive decline was identified in 1896 . One of the more notorious of these wasRadithor , a patent of invention practice of medicine with distil radium , made by self - proclaimed doctor William Bailey , who had antecedently sold strychnineas an aphrodisiac .
Socialite and industrialist Eben Byerstook Radithorfollowing an weapon system trauma in 1927 , and preserve consuming it through the thirties , when he easy died a grotesque destruction involving snap bones and lost teeth . Byers ’s demise cue an investigation into Radithor , and ultimately its remotion from apothecary’s shop , although poor Byers was buriedin a trail coffindue to the contained radiation sickness in his body . As a 1932Wall Street Journalarticlequipped : " The Radium Water Worked Fine Until His Jaw Came Off . "
11. MERCURY
Victorians were fanatics for pallid skin , and freckle removers were marketed to this obsession . Some of these products include mercury , such asDr . Berry ’s Freckle Ointmentmade in Chicago . Amelia Earhart was know to detest her freckles , so when a plenty of the vicious creamwas constitute on the Pacific island of Nikumaroro , many believed it was a sign of the lost aviator ’s crash .
12. OBESITY BATH POWDER
If a red-hot bath with the correct pulverization could reduce obesity , human beings would have evolved gills by now . lamentably , therapeutic like " Healthone - Obesity Bath Powder " were all quackery . The pitch was that soak with the powder a couple times a day would take the superfluous pounds away . Examining the pulverisation revealed it was mostlyperfumed atomic number 11 carbonate , which plausibly did make for a mineral - feel soak .
13. SWAMP ROOT
The National Museum of American History
swampland root does n’t sound like something you ’d desire to ingest , yet it was wildly popular as an advertised component in patent of invention medicine . product likeDr . Kilmer ’s Swamp Rootwere said to " push the flow of urine , ” as well as treat manufacture sickness like " internal guck pyrexia " [ PDF ] . Whatever organic textile it contained , like so many patent medicines , it seems the most active ingredientwas alcohol .
14. DR PEPPER
Wikimedia Commons// Public Domain
Like Coca - Cola , Dr Pepper has its root in patent medicine . The beverage was createdin 1885by a Texas pharmacist namedCharles Alderton , and sold as a " brain tonic . " The period after " Dr " was reportedly later on removed during its 20th - century volume marketing to not propose any medicinal properties .
15. PINK PILLS FOR PALE PEOPLE
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Dr. Williams ' Pink Pills for Pale People were among the discourse direct at anemia , with thealliteration intended to get the attentionof client — particularlyBritish colonists . Made of iron oxide and magnesium sulfate , they certainly were n’t among the most grave of patent medicines , but they far from fulfilled their promise of cure everything from paralysis to Indian cholera . George Fulford , who sold the remedy around the world , is often call up for quite a dissimilar legacy . His vehicle was strike by a streetcar in 1905 , and at the eld of 53 he became Canada’sfirst automobile death .
